Logical Reasoning Concepts for Competitive Exams 2026

Logical Reasoning one liner | Verbal Reasoning - Analogy and Classification (Odd One Out)

Analogy (Word, Number, and Letter)

• India : Rupee :: USA : ? - Dollar
• Japan : Tokyo :: China : ? - Beijing
• France : Euro :: UK : ? - Pound
• Himachal Pradesh : Shimla :: Uttarakhand : ? - Dehradun
• Thermometer : Temperature :: Seismograph : ? - Earthquakes
• Ammeter : Current :: Anemometer : ? - Wind Speed
• Mass : Kilogram :: Force : ? - Newton
• Work : Joule :: Power : ? - Watt
• Doctor : Hospital :: Teacher : ? - School
• Chef : Knife :: Surgeon : ? - Scalpel
• Tailor : Needle :: Carpenter : ? - Saw
• Bird : Aviary :: Fish : ? - Aquarium
• Horse : Neigh :: Elephant : ? - Trumpet
• Dog : Puppy :: Frog : ? - Tadpole
• Botany : Plants :: Entomology : ? - Insects
• Cardiology : Heart :: Nephrology : ? - Kidneys
• Good : Bad :: Arrive : ? - Depart
• Genuine : Authentic :: Mirage : ? - Illusion
• $5 : 25 :: 8 : ?$ - 64
• $7 : 343 :: 9 : ?$ - 729
• $12 : 144 :: 15 : ?$ - 225
• $6 : 36 :: 11 : ?$ - 121
• $4 : 16 :: 10 : ?$ - 100
• $2 : 8 :: 4 : ?$ - 64
• $3 : 27 :: 5 : ?$ - 125
• $8 : 512 :: 10 : ?$ - 1000
• $10 : 101 :: 12 : ?$ - 145 ($n^2 + 1$)
• $5 : 24 :: 7 : ?$ - 48 ($n^2 - 1$)
• $6 : 222 :: 7 : ?$ - 345 ($n^3 + n$)
• $4 : 60 :: 5 : ?$ - 120 ($n^3 - n$)
• $\text{A} : \text{Z} :: \text{B} : ?$ - Y (Opposite pairs)
• $\text{C} : \text{X} :: \text{D} : ?$ - W
• $\text{E} : \text{V} :: \text{F} : ?$ - U
• $\text{AB} : \text{CD} :: \text{EF} : ?$ - GH
• $\text{AC} : \text{DF} :: \text{GI} : ?$ - JL (+3)
• $\text{BCE} : \text{FGI} :: \text{NOR} : ?$ - RSV
• $\text{ZA} : \text{YB} :: \text{XC} : ?$ - WD
• $\text{DOG} : \text{GOD} :: \text{MAD} : ?$ - DAM
• $\text{PQR} : \text{RQP} :: \text{LMN} : ?$ - NML
• $\text{BAT} : \text{CBU} :: \text{CAT} : ?$ - DBU (+1)
• $\text{LION} : \text{LINO} :: \text{BEAR} : ?$ - BERA
• $\text{TIGER} : \text{IGRET} :: \text{HORSE} : ?$ - ORSEH
• $\text{CAT} : 24 :: \text{BAT} : ?$ - 23 (Sum of positional values)
• $\text{A} : 1 :: \text{E} : ?$ - 5
• $\text{J} : 10 :: \text{T} : ?$ - 20
• $\text{B} : 4 :: \text{C} : ?$ - 9 (Positional value squared)
• $\text{D} : 16 :: \text{E} : ?$ - 25
• $\text{APPLE} : \text{FRUIT} :: \text{POTATO} : ?$ - Vegetable
• $\text{PEN} : \text{WRITE} :: \text{KNIFE} : ?$ - Cut
• $\text{EYE} : \text{SEE} :: \text{EAR} : ?$ - Hear

Classification (Odd One Out)

• Odd one out: Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Cow? - Cow (Herbivore/Domestic, others carnivores/wild)
• Odd one out: Rose, Lotus, Marigold, Apple? - Apple (Fruit, others are flowers)
• Odd one out: Potato, Carrot, Radish, Tomato? - Tomato (Grows above ground, others underground)
• Odd one out: Mars, Jupiter, Pluto, Saturn? - Pluto (Dwarf planet, others are major planets)
• Odd one out: Shimla, Kullu, Manali, Chandigarh? - Chandigarh (Union Territory / Not in HP)
• Odd one out: Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Himalayas? - Himalayas (Mountain range, others are rivers)
• Odd one out: Cricket, Football, Hockey, Chess? - Chess (Indoor game, others outdoor)
• Odd one out: Guitar, Violin, Sitar, Flute? - Flute (Wind instrument, others stringed)
• Odd one out: Iron, Copper, Silver, Rubber? - Rubber (Insulator/Non-metal, others conductors/metals)
• Odd one out: January, March, May, April? - April (Has 30 days, others have 31 days)
• Odd one out: Square, Rectangle, Triangle, Cube? - Cube (3D geometric figure, others 2D)
• Odd one out: Eyes, Ears, Nose, Heart? - Heart (Internal visceral organ, others sensory organs)
• Odd one out: Violet, Indigo, Blue, White? - White (Not part of the VIBGYOR spectrum)
• Odd one out: Pen, Pencil, Marker, Book? - Book (Writing medium, others writing instruments)
• Odd one out: Car, Bus, Truck, Airplane? - Airplane (Aviation/Air transport, others road transport)
• Odd one out: 16, 25, 36, 40? - 40 (Not a perfect square)
• Odd one out: 8, 27, 64, 100? - 100 (Square of 10, others are perfect cubes)
• Odd one out: 11, 13, 17, 21? - 21 (Composite number, others are prime numbers)
• Odd one out: 31, 41, 51, 61? - 51 (Divisible by 3 and 17, others are prime numbers)
• Odd one out: 144, 169, 196, 210? - 210 (Not a perfect square)
• Odd one out: 125, 216, 343, 400? - 400 (Square of 20, others are perfect cubes)
• Odd one out: 2, 3, 5, 9? - 9 (Composite number, others are prime numbers)
• Odd one out: 12, 24, 36, 45? - 45 (Not a multiple of 12)
• Odd one out: 15, 20, 25, 32? - 32 (Not a multiple of 5)
• Odd one out: 10, 26, 50, 64? - 64 (Others follow $n^2 + 1$ pattern)
• Odd one out: 21, 39, 51, 83? - 83 (Prime number, others are divisible by 3)
• Odd one out: 343, 512, 729, 900? - 900 (Square of 30, others are perfect cubes)
• Odd one out: 24, 60, 120, 150? - 150 (Others follow $n^3 - n$ pattern)
• Odd one out: 111, 222, 333, 445? - 445 (Digits are not identical)
• Odd one out: 102, 204, 306, 405? - 405 (Not divisible by 2)
• Odd one out: A, E, I, B? - B (Consonant, others are vowels)
• Odd one out: Z, X, V, S? - S (Breaks the $-2$ alphabetical pattern)
• Odd one out: AB, CD, EF, HI? - HI (Skips letter G, others are consecutive pairs)
• Odd one out: BDF, HJL, NPR, UXZ? - UXZ (Breaks the $+2, +2$ letter pattern)
• Odd one out: ABC, EFG, IJK, MNQ? - MNQ (Breaks the $+1, +1$ sequence)
• Odd one out: ZY, XW, VU, ST? - ST (Forward order, others are reverse pairs)
• Odd one out: AZ, BY, CX, DV? - DV (Opposite of D is W, not V)
• Odd one out: EV, GT, IR, KO? - KO (Opposite of K is P, not O)
• Odd one out: AM, BN, CO, DQ? - DQ (Diff is 13, whereas others have diff of 12)
• Odd one out: PQRS, TUVW, ABCD, EFGI? - EFGI (Breaks consecutive letter sequence)
• Odd one out: CEG, IKM, OQS, UWA? - UWA (W+2 is Y, not A)
• Odd one out: LMN, RST, WYA, BCD? - WYA (Breaks consecutive sequence)
• Odd one out: O, C, U, L? - L (Constructed of straight lines, others are curved)
• Odd one out: pqr, Lmn, def, bcd? - Lmn (Contains a capital letter, others all lowercase)
• Odd one out: Vowel, Consonant, Syllable, Alphabet? - Alphabet (Entire set, others are phonetic/letter units)
• Odd one out: 3, 5, 7, 12? - 12 (Even composite number, others odd primes)
• Odd one out: 28, 45, 72, 81? - 28 (Not a multiple of 9)
• Odd one out: 6, 12, 18, 25? - 25 (Not a multiple of 6)
• Odd one out: 49, 64, 81, 110? - 110 (Not a perfect square)
• Odd one out: 12-144, 15-225, 13-169, 14-200? - 14-200 ($14^2 = 196$, not 200)

Series Completion (Number, Letter, Alpha-Numeric)

• $2, 4, 6, 8, ?$ - 10
• $1, 3, 5, 7, ?$ - 9
• $5, 10, 15, 20, ?$ - 25
• $3, 9, 27, 81, ?$ - 243 ($\times 3$)
• $2, 4, 8, 16, ?$ - 32 ($\times 2$)
• $1, 4, 9, 16, ?$ - 25 (Squares: $5^2$)
• $1, 8, 27, 64, ?$ - 125 (Cubes: $5^3$)
• $2, 3, 5, 7, ?$ - 11 (Consecutive prime numbers)
• $11, 13, 17, 19, ?$ - 23 (Consecutive prime numbers)
• $0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, ?$ - 8 (Fibonacci sequence)
• $10, 20, 30, 40, ?$ - 50
• $100, 90, 80, 70, ?$ - 60
• $2, 5, 10, 17, ?$ - 26 ($n^2 + 1$)
• $0, 3, 8, 15, ?$ - 24 ($n^2 - 1$)
• $2, 9, 28, 65, ?$ - 126 ($n^3 + 1$)
• $0, 7, 26, 63, ?$ - 124 ($n^3 - 1$)
• $10, 12, 15, 19, ?$ - 24 (+2, +3, +4, +5)
• $5, 6, 9, 14, 21, ?$ - 30 (+1, +3, +5, +7, +9)
• $2, 6, 12, 20, ?$ - 30 ($1\times2, 2\times3, 3\times4, 4\times5, 5\times6$)
• $120, 60, 30, 15, ?$ - 7.5 ($\div 2$)
• A, C, E, G, ? - I (+2)
• B, D, F, H, ? - J (+2)
• Z, X, V, T, ? - R (-2)
• A, D, G, J, ? - M (+3)
• M, O, Q, S, ? - U (+2)
• AB, CD, EF, GH, ? - IJ
• AZ, BY, CX, DW, ? - EV (Opposite letter pairs)
• ZA, YB, XC, WD, ? - VE
• ABC, DEF, GHI, ? - JKL
• ZYX, WVU, TSR, ? - PON
• Complete pattern: a _ b _ a _ b _ - a, b, a, b ($\text{abababab}$)
• Complete pattern: a b _ d a b _ d a _ c d - c, c, b ($\text{abcd abcd abcd}$)
• A1, B2, C3, D4, ? - E5
• Z26, Y25, X24, ? - W23
• 1A, 4D, 9I, 16P, ? - 25Y ($n^2$ and corresponding letter)
• C3, F6, I9, L12, ? - O15 (+3)
• A2, B4, C6, D8, ? - E10
• K11, M13, O15, Q17, ? - S19
• P2, R4, T8, V16, ? - X32 (Letters +2, Numbers $\times 2$)
• AA, BB, CC, DD, ? - EE
• J1, K2, L3, M4, ? - N5
• A1Z, B2Y, C3X, ? - D4W
• 2B, 4C, 8E, 14H, ? - 22L (Numbers +2, +4, +6, +8; Letters +1, +2, +3, +4)
• Complete pattern: M _ N _ M _ N _ - N, M, N, M ($\text{MNMNMNMN}$)
• $1, 2, 6, 24, 120, ?$ - 720 ($\times2, \times3, \times4, \times5, \times6$)
• $5, 25, 125, ?$ - 625 ($\times 5$)
• $7, 14, 21, 28, ?$ - 35 (+7)
• $9, 18, 36, 72, ?$ - 144 ($\times 2$)
• $1, 8, 9, 64, 25, ?$ - 216 (Alternating squares and cubes: $1^2, 2^3, 3^2, 4^3, 5^2, 6^3$)
• $2, 4, 12, 48, ?$ - 240 ($\times2, \times3, \times4, \times5$)

Coding and Decoding

• If $\text{A}=1$, $\text{B}=2$, what is $\text{CAB}$? - 312
• If $\text{BAT} = 23$, what is $\text{CAT}$? - 24 (Sum of positions: $3+1+20$)
• If $\text{GO} = 22$, what is $\text{TO}$? - 35 ($20+15$)
• If $\text{RED} = 27$, what is $\text{BLUE}$? - 40 ($2+12+21+5$)
• If $\text{Z} = 26, \text{DO} = 19$, what is $\text{IT}$? - 29 ($9+20$)
• If $\text{APPLE} = \text{BQQMF}$ (+1 shift), what is $\text{MANGO}$? - NBOHP
• If $\text{DOG} = \text{FQI}$ (+2 shift), what is $\text{CAT}$? - ECV
• If $\text{TIGER} = \text{SHFDQ}$ (-1 shift), what is $\text{LION}$? - KHNM
• If $\text{PEN} = \text{QFO}$, what is $\text{PENCIL}$? - QFODJM
• If $\text{WATER} = \text{XBUFS}$, what is $\text{FIRE}$? - GJSF
• If $\text{BOOK} = \text{KOOB}$ (Reverse), what is $\text{READ}$? - DAER
• If $\text{MOUNTAIN}$ is coded as $\text{NIATNUOM}$, what is $\text{RIVER}$? - REVIR
• If $\text{BOY}$ is coded as $\text{YLB}$ (Opposite letters), what is $\text{GIRL}$? - TROI
• If $\text{MAN}$ is coded as $\text{NZM}$ (Opposite letters), what is $\text{SUN}$? - HFM
• If $\text{HOT} = \text{GNS}$ (-1), what is $\text{COLD}$? - BNKC
• If 'white' is 'black', 'black' is 'red', 'red' is 'blue', what is the color of human blood? - Blue
• If 'sky' is 'star', 'star' is 'cloud', 'cloud' is 'earth', where do birds fly? - Star
• If 'pen' is 'pencil', 'pencil' is 'eraser', and 'eraser' is 'scale', what is used to erase mistakes? - Scale
• If $123 = \text{HOT}$, $456 = \text{COLD}$, $789 = \text{WARM}$, what digit represents H in direct mapping? - 1
• In a code 'tee see pee' means 'drink fruit juice', 'see kee lee' means 'juice is sweet', what is 'juice'? - see
• If $\text{CAR} = 3118$ (Direct positional mapping), what is $\text{BUS}$? - 22119
• If $\text{DOOR} = 4151518$, what is $\text{WINDOW}$? - 2391441523
• If $\text{A} = 2, \text{B} = 4, \text{C} = 6$ ($\times 2$), what is $\text{D}$? - 8
• If $\text{BAD} = 14$ ($2+1+4=7 \to 7\times2$), what is $\text{SAD}$? - 48 ($19+1+4=24 \to 24\times2$)
• If $\text{MAT} = 34$ and $\text{TAR} = 39$, what is $\text{RAM}$? - 32 ($18+1+13$)
• If $\text{Z} = 52$ ($\text{Positional value} \times 2$), what is $\text{ACT}$? - 48 ($24 \times 2$)
• If $\text{PIN} = 39$, what is $\text{NIP}$? - 39
• If $\text{BAT} = \text{YZG}$ (Opposite letters), what is $\text{DOG}$? - WLT
• If $\text{SHIMLA} = \text{UJKONC}$ (+2), what is $\text{KULLU}$? - MWNNW
• If $\text{DELHI} = \text{CDKGH}$ (-1), what is $\text{PUNE}$? - OTMD
• If $\text{PENCIL} = \text{CEILNP}$ (Alphabetical arrangement), what is $\text{BOARD}$? - ABDOR
• If $\text{TEACHER} = \text{ACEEHRT}$ (Alphabetical arrangement), what is $\text{STUDENT}$? - DENSTTU
• If $\text{LATE} = 8$, $\text{MAKE} = 8$, what is $\text{GREAT}$? - 10 ($\text{Number of letters} \times 2$)
• If $\text{RUN} = 3$, $\text{JUMP} = 4$, what is $\text{ATHLETICS}$? - 9 (Total number of letters)
• If $\text{MINT} = \text{TMNI}$ (Last letter first, then rest), what is $\text{SOAP}$? - PSOA
• If $\text{LOCK} = \text{KCOL}$ (Reverse), what is $\text{KEY}$? - YEK
• If $\text{NOIDA} = \text{OPJEB}$ (+1), what is $\text{DELHI}$? - EFMIJ
• If $A \to Z, B \to Y, C \to X$, what is $\text{HELLO}$? - SVOOL
• If $\text{SUN} = 54$ ($19+21+14$), what is $\text{MOON}$? - 57 ($13+15+15+14$)
• If 'room' is 'bed', 'bed' is 'window', 'window' is 'flower', what do you sleep on? - Window
• If $\text{ROSE} = \text{QNRD}$ (-1), what is $\text{LILY}$? - KHKX
• If $\text{GO} = 32$ (Opposites sum: $T(20) + L(12)$), what is $\text{NO}$? - 25 ($M(13) + L(12)$)
• If $\text{HE} = 41$ (Opposites sum: $S(19) + V(22)$), what is $\text{SHE}$? - 49 ($H(8) + S(19) + V(22)$)
• If $2 \times 3 = 6$, $4 \times 5 = 20$, $6 \times 7 = ?$ - 42
• If $3 + 4 = 12$ (Multiply operation), $5 + 6 = 30$, $7 + 8 = ?$ - 56
• If $8 \div 2 = 10$ (Addition operation), $9 \div 3 = 12$, $10 \div 5 = ?$ - 15
• If $\text{TEA} = 26$ ($20+5+1$), what is $\text{COFFEE}$? - 40 ($3+15+6+6+5+5$)
• If $\text{ONE} = 3$, $\text{TWO} = 3$, $\text{THREE} = 5$ (Letter count), what is $\text{FOUR}$? - 4
• If $\text{BLACK} = \text{ALBCK}$ (Swapping first two letters), what is $\text{WHITE}$? - HWITE
• If $\text{COMPUTER} = \text{PMOCRETU}$ (Halves reversed), what is $\text{INTERNET}$? - ETNINTEN

Direction and Distance Sense

• If you face North and turn 90° clockwise (right), which direction do you face? - East
• If you face South and turn 180°, which direction do you face? - North
• A man walks 3 km North, turns right and walks 4 km. How far is he from the starting point? - 5 km (Pythagoras theorem)
• If South-East becomes North, what will North-East become? - West (135° Anti-clockwise shift)
• A boy walks East, turns left, then turns right. Which direction is he facing? - East
• In the morning, if a person's shadow falls to his right, which direction is he facing? - South
• In the evening, the sun is in the West, so shadows of objects fall towards the? - East
• A girl walks 10m West, turns left and walks 10m, turns left and walks 10m. How far and in which direction is she from the start? - 10m South
• At 12 Noon under direct vertical sunlight, in which direction does a person's shadow fall? - Directly underneath (No directional shadow)
• Facing North-West, if you turn 90° clockwise, which direction do you face? - North-East
• If you walk 6 km South and 8 km East, what is the shortest displacement distance to the starting point? - 10 km
• A man faces East and turns 270° clockwise. Which direction is he facing? - North
• Which cardinal direction is directly opposite to South-West? - North-East
• A diesel train travels North and the wind blows East. Which way does the exhaust smoke drift? - South-East
• Walk 5m North, turn right and walk 5m, turn right and walk 5m. Which direction are you from the starting point? - East
• If North is called East, East is called South, what is South called? - West
• A compass needle is rotated: its North pointer shows West. What will it show for South? - East
• A person walking North takes two consecutive 90° left turns. In which direction is he now walking? - South
• If you perform a headstand facing East, which direction does your right hand point? - North
• Moving South, taking three consecutive right turns is equivalent to taking one? - Left turn
• A boy walks 12m North, then 5m West. What is his shortest distance from the origin? - 13m
• The morning shadow of a vertical pole falls exactly behind it. The sun is located in the? - East
• In the evening, Ram and Shyam talk face to face. Ram's shadow falls to his left. Which direction is Ram facing? - South
• Walk 10m East, turn back and walk 15m West. How far and in which direction are you from the start? - 5m West
• What direction is obtained by adding 180° rotation to North-West? - South-East

Clock, Calendar and Arithmetic

• How many degrees does the minute hand of a clock cover in 1 minute? - 6°
• How many degrees does the hour hand of a clock cover in 1 minute? - 0.5°
• What is the angle between the hour hand and minute hand at 3:00? - 90°
• What is the angle between the clock hands at 6:00? - 180°
• How many times do the hands of a clock coincide in a 12-hour period? - 11 times
• How many times are the hands of a clock in opposite directions (180°) in 24 hours? - 22 times
• How many times do the clock hands form a right angle (90°) in a 24-hour period? - 44 times
• If a 12-hour clock shows 3:15, what time does its vertical mirror image display? - 8:45 ($11:60 - 3:15$)
• If a clock shows 10:20, what is its vertical mirror image time? - 1:40
• How many odd days are there in a normal non-leap year (365 days)? - 1 odd day
• How many odd days are there in a leap year (366 days)? - 2 odd days
• Which century year is a leap year: 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200? - 2000 (Divisible by 400)
• Is the year 2024 a leap year? - Yes
• If today is Monday, what day of the week will it be after 15 days? - Tuesday ($15 \div 7 = \text{remainder } 1$)
• If January 1 of a normal year is Tuesday, on which day does December 31 of that same year fall? - Tuesday
• If January 1 of a leap year is Wednesday, on which day does December 31 of that year fall? - Thursday (+1 day)
• After how many years does the calendar of a non-leap year generally repeat? - 11 years (or 6 years)
• After how many years does the calendar of a leap year repeat? - 28 years
• In a farm with cows and hens, there are 20 heads and 60 legs. How many cows are there? - 10 cows (and 10 hens)
• If 10 people shake hands with each other exactly once, what is the total number of handshakes? - 45 ($\frac{10 \times 9}{2}$)
• What is the angle between the hour and minute hands of a clock at 4:20? - 10° ($|30(4) - 5.5(20)| = |120 - 110|$)
• What is the angle between clock hands at 9:30? - 105° ($|30(9) - 5.5(30)| = |270 - 165|$)
• What is the reflex angle between clock hands at 3:00? - 270° ($360^\circ - 90^\circ$)
• A monkey climbs 3m up a greasy pole in 1 min and slips down 1m in the next min. Net height gained in 2 mins? - 2m
• In a mathematical code, if $+$ means $-$ and $-$ means $\times$, what is the value of $5 + 2 - 3$? - $-1$ ($5 - 2 \times 3 = 5 - 6 = -1$)