India GK one liner - Economy and Infrastructure of India

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National Income and Economic Planning

• In which year and on the recommendation of which commission was the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) established? - In 1935, on the recommendation of the Hilton Young Commission
• On what date was 'NITI Aayog' formed in place of the Planning Commission in India? - January 1, 2015
• On which model was India's first Five-Year Plan (1951-56) mainly based? - Harrod-Domar Model
• Which constitutional amendment act was passed to implement the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India? - 101st Constitutional Amendment Act
• Which institution currently estimates India's National Income? - National Statistical Office (NSO)
• On which economic model was India's second Five-Year Plan (1956-61) based? - P. C. Mahalanobis Model
• Who was the Prime Minister of India at the time of the historic 1991 economic reforms (LPG policy)? - P. V. Narasimha Rao (Finance Minister: Dr. Manmohan Singh)
• What is the duration of the Financial Year in India? - April 1 to March 31
• Who is the ex-officio Chairperson of NITI Aayog? - Prime Minister of India
• Which base year is used to measure 'National Income' in India? - Year 2011-12
• In which year was the 'Bombay Plan' presented by a group of industrialists? - In the year 1944
• Which committees are included among the major committees formed to determine the poverty line in India? - Suresh Tendulkar Committee and C. Rangarajan Committee
• Who prepared the 'Sarvodaya Plan' in the year 1950? - Jayaprakash Narayan
• In which year was the Planning Commission established in India? - In the year 1950 (March 15)
• Which was India's last Five-Year Plan? - 12th Five-Year Plan (2012-2017)
• What do we get after subtracting depreciation from Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? - Net Domestic Product (NDP)
• By whom is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of NITI Aayog in India appointed? - By the Prime Minister of India
• Who proposed the 'Gandhian Plan' in the year 1944? - Shriman Narayan Agarwal
• What is the main feature of a Mixed Economy? - Co-existence of both public and private sectors
• India's economy is divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors; under which does the service sector fall? - Tertiary Sector

Banking and Financial System

• In 1955, which bank was established after nationalizing the 'Imperial Bank of India'? - State Bank of India (SBI)
• In which year was the first major nationalization of 14 major private commercial banks done in India? - In the year 1969 (July 19, 1969)
• In which year was the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) established, and where is its headquarters located? - In the year 1982, in Mumbai
• In which year was the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) granted statutory status? - In the year 1992
• Who chairs the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) in India? - Governor of the Reserve Bank of India
• In which year was the first Regional Rural Bank (RRB) established in India? - In the year 1975 (October 2) in
• Which is the apex body that regulates and develops the insurance sector in India? - IRDAI (Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India)
• Where is the headquarters of the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) located? - Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh)
• In which year was the 'Rupee' (₹) symbol adopted in India? - In the year 2010 (Designed by Udaya Kumar धर्मलिंगम)
• What is it called when commercial banks are required to keep a certain portion of their total deposits in cash with the RBI? - Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
• What is the minimum ratio that commercial banks are required to maintain as liquid assets with themselves called? - Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)
• What is the rate at which the RBI provides short-term loans to commercial banks called? - Repo Rate
• Which was India's first Payments Bank? - Airtel Payments Bank
• Which is the apex body regulating the pension sector? - PFRDA (Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority)
• In which year was the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) nationalized in India? - January 1, 1949
• Who is called the 'Banker's Bank' and the 'Government's Bank'? - Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
• On the recommendation of which committee were the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) established in India? - On the recommendation of the Narasimham Committee
• On the basis of the recommendation of which committee was NABARD established? - On the recommendation of the B. Sivaraman Committee
• Who controls the minting of coins in India? - Government of India (Ministry of Finance)
• Whose signature is on the ₹1 note in India? - Finance Secretary of India

Agriculture and Rural Economy

• Who is considered the father of the 'Green Revolution' in India? - M. S. Swaminathan
• In which year was the 'Kisan Credit Card' (KCC) scheme started to provide loans to farmers at concessional rates? - In the year 1998-99
• Which body recommends the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for crops in India? - Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP)
• With which sector is the 'White Revolution' or 'Operation Flood' related in India? - Milk production
• In which year was the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) launched? - In the year 2016
• Who is known as the father of the White Revolution in India? - Dr. Verghese Kurien
• What is the name of the national agricultural market portal established to provide transparent prices to farmers for their produce? - e-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market)
• 'Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi' (PM-KISAN) के तहत प्रतिवर्ष पात्र किसानों को कितनी वित्तीय सहायता दी जाती है? - ₹6,000 (three equal installments)
• In which year was the Soil Health Card Scheme started? - In the year 2015 (from Suratgarh, Rajasthan)
• The 'Blue Revolution' is related to which sector of the economy? - Fish Production
• What is the main objective of the 'Yellow Revolution'? - Promotion of Oilseeds Production
• The 'Pink Revolution' is mainly related to what? - Prawn and onion production
• Where is the headquarters of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) located? - New Delhi
• What is the main slogan/tagline of the 'Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana' (PMKSY)? - "Per Drop More Crop"
• Which is India's first 100% organic state to fully adopt organic farming? - Sikkim
• What type of unemployment is most prevalent in the agricultural sector in India? - Disguised Unemployment
• At what interval is the Agricultural Census conducted in India? - Every 5 years
• For what purpose was the 'Rashtriya Gokul Mission' launched? - For the conservation and development of indigenous cattle breeds
• Which state in India is called the 'Granary of India'? - Punjab
• What is the full form of 'KVK' operated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare? - Krishi Vigyan Kendra

Road and Rail Infrastructure

• In 1853, between which two places was India's first passenger train run from Bori Bunder (Mumbai)? - Thane
• Which is India's longest National Highway that runs from Srinagar to Kanyakumari? - NH 44
• Who started the 'Golden Quadrilateral' project connecting India's four major metros (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata)? - Atal Bihari Vajpayee
• Which is the main ambitious project started to develop and expand the network of national highways in India? - Bharatmala Pariyojana
• Between which two stations was India's first indigenous semi-high-speed train 'Vande Bharat Express' run for the first time? - Between New Delhi and Varanasi
• In which year was Indian Railways nationalized? - In the year 1950
• In which year was the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) established in India? - In the year 1995 (under the Act 1988)
• In which city was India's first metro rail service started in the year 1984? - Kolkata
• देश के सीमावर्ती क्षेत्रों में सड़कों और पुलों के निर्माण एवं रखरखाव के लिए कौन सा संगठन जिम्मेदार है? - Border Roads Organization (BRO)
• Into how many zones has the railway network in India been divided? - 19 Railway Zones (including Kolkata Metro)
• Between which two cities is India's first high-speed bullet train project under construction? - Mumbai to Ahmedabad
• Which special rail corridor is being built in India to make freight transportation faster and more efficient? - Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)
• Which two ends of India does the East-West Corridor connect? - Silchar (Assam) to Porbandar (Gujarat)
• Which two places does the North-South Corridor connect? - Srinagar to Kanyakumari
• In which state is India's longest rail-cum-road bridge 'Bogibeel' located? - Assam (on the Brahmaputra River)
• On which river has the world's highest railway arch bridge been constructed? - Chenab River (Jammu and Kashmir)
• Why has the FASTag system been made mandatory in India? - For electronic toll collection at national highway toll plazas
• Under which river has India's first underwater metro train service been started? - Hooghly River (Kolkata)
• Which is the first state-of-the-art railway station developed through Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in India? - Rani Kamlapati Railway Station (Bhopal)
• Which scheme is run by the Government of India for ropeway development in hilly and difficult terrains? - Parvatmala Pariyojana

Waterways, Ports and Aviation

• Which is India's longest national waterway located on the Ganges River from Prayagraj to Haldia? - National Waterway-1 (NW-1)
• Which is India's first corporatized major public port? - Kamarajar Port (Ennore, Tamil Nadu)
• What is the full form of the 'UDAN' scheme started by the Government of India to promote regional air connectivity? - Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik
• Which major project is being run in India for the modern construction and development of coastal borders and ports? - Sagarmala Pariyojana
• Where is the headquarters of the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) located? - Noida (Uttar Pradesh)
• How many major ports are there currently in India? - 13 major ports
• Which natural port is known as the 'Queen of Arabian Sea'? - Kochi Port (Kerala)
• Which is India's largest container port? - Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust - JNPT (Nhava Sheva, Maharashtra)
• After which historical port has Deendayal Port been named? - Kandla Port (Gujarat)
• Which is India's deepest natural port? - Visakhapatnam Port (Andhra Pradesh)
• Which is the apex body regulating civil aviation in India? - DGCA (Directorate General of Civil Aviation)
• Which is the world's first airport fully powered by solar energy? - Cochin International Airport (Kerala)
• Where is India's first Greenfield airport, named 'Donyi Polo', located? - Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh)
• Which national waterway is located on the Brahmaputra River between Sadiya and Dhubri? - National Waterway-2 (NW-2)
• What is the name of the facial recognition technology (FRT) based contactless entry service at airports in India? - 'DigiYatra'
• Which new all-weather deep-draft greenfield port is being developed near Dahanu in Maharashtra? - Vadhavan Port
• In which state is India's first marine logistics and shipping hub being established? - Gujarat (in GIFT City)
• By what name was Tamil Nadu's 'V.O. Chidambaranar Port' previously known? - Tuticorin Port
• Under the civil aviation policy in India, which institution is mainly responsible for the management of airports in the country? - Airports Authority of India (AAI)
• The international airport located at Port Blair (Andaman andamp; Nicobar) is named after which freedom fighter? - Veer Savarkar International Airport

Energy and Power Sector

• Which is India's first nuclear power station? - Tarapur Atomic Power Station (Maharashtra)
• In which state of India is the world's largest single-site solar power park, 'Bhadla Solar Park', located? - Rajasthan (Jodhpur)
• In which year was NTPC, the largest public sector company responsible for thermal power generation in India, established? - In the year 1975
• Which scheme is run by the Government of India to help farmers install solar-powered pumps? - PM-KUSUM Scheme
• What is the formal name of the 'Saubhagya Yojana' started for the target of 100% electrification in all rural and urban households of the country? - Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli हर घर Yojana
• What is the full form of 'BEE', the institution responsible for promoting energy conservation in India? - Bureau of Energy Efficiency
• What is the name of the famous scheme started to distribute LED bulbs at low prices? - 'UJALA' Scheme
• Which has been declared India's first fully solar-powered village? - Modhera Village (Gujarat)
• In which year was the Atomic Energy Commission established in India? - In the year 1948 (Chairman: Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha)
• India's largest hydropower project, 'Subansiri Lower Project', is on the border of which two states? - Arunachal Pradesh and Assam
• Which is India's largest nuclear power plant built in Tamil Nadu with the support of Russia? - Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant
• What is the name of the scheme recently started to install free solar panels on rooftops? - PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana
• Under which ministry does the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) in India function? - Ministry of Power
• Where is the headquarters of the 'International Solar Alliance' (ISA) located? - Gurugram (Haryana, India)
• Where was India's first floating solar project established? - Ramagundam (Telangana)
• Which state in India is at the top in wind energy production capacity? - Gujarat and Tamil Nadu
• Which government company operates and manages the national grid of electricity in India? - Grid Controller of India (Grid-India / PowerGrid)
• Where is a geothermal energy project being established in India? - Puga Valley (Ladakh)
• What is the primary source of commercial energy in India? - Coal
• The atomic power center located at Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu) is named after which great Indian scientist? - Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)

Industry, Manufacturing and Digital Infra

• When was the 'Make in India' initiative launched with the objective of making India a global manufacturing hub? - September 25, 2014
• Who developed the fast and secure digital payment system 'UPI' (Unified Payments Interface) in India? - National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)
• In which year was the first Industrial Policy of independent India announced? - In the year 1948
• Which project is being run to connect all gram panchayats of India with high-speed optical fiber network? - BharatNet project
• What is the full form of the 'PLI' scheme started to promote domestic manufacturing and reduce dependence on imports? - Production Linked Incentive
• What is the process of abolishing the industrial licensing system under the New Economic Policy 1991 called? - Liberalization
• What is the name of the scheme started to promote new startups and innovation in India? - 'Startup India'
• What is the main objective of the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) initiative? - To provide equal opportunities to small traders in the e-commerce sector and end digital monopolies
• What is the name of the mission run for electronics manufacturing and semiconductor manufacturing in India? - India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)
• What is the collection of digital identity, ID cards, and payment systems in the public domain called? - 'India Stack'
• What is the name of the portal system implemented to classify Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises? - Udyam Registration Portal
• By whom has India's first dedicated digital rupee (e-Rupee) been issued? - Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
• In which year was the 'Digital India' program formally launched? - In the year 2015 (July 1)
• What is the current number of public sector companies in India that have attained the 'Maharatna' status? - 13 companies (e.g., NTPC, ONGC, IOCL)
• The main objective of establishing SAIL in India was to develop which industry? - Steel industry
• What is the name of the scheme started to make the textile industry infrastructure in India state-of-the-art? - PM MITRA Park Scheme
• Which city is called the 'Silicon Valley of India'? - Bengaluru
• Which is the certifying body for standardization of electronics and IT products? - BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards)
• Under which ministry does the regulation of patents, designs, and trademarks in India fall? - Ministry of Commerce and Industry
• In which year did the first auction and launch of 5G spectrum and service take place in India? - In the year 2022

Taxation and Public Finance

• Under which article of the Indian Constitution is the 'Finance Commission' constituted by the President every 5 years? - Under Article 280
• From which year's budget were the Union Budget and Railway Budget presented together? - From the year 2017-18
• Who is the constitutional chairperson of the GST Council? - Union Finance Minister
• Income Tax and Corporate Tax are examples of which type of tax in India? - Direct Tax
• What is the difference between the total receipts (excluding loans) and total expenditure of the government called? - Fiscal Deficit
• In which article of the Indian Constitution is the Union Budget called the "Annual Financial Statement"? - In Article 112
• Under which category do Customs Duty and Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India fall? - Indirect Tax
• Which institution is responsible for the management and administration of direct taxes in India? - CBDT (Central Board of Direct Taxes)
• Which is the apex body responsible for the management of indirect taxes and customs duty in India? - CBIC (Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs)
• What is the review of the country's economic situation presented in Parliament one day before the budget called? - Economic Survey
• Who has been appointed as the chairperson of the 16th Finance Commission in India? - Dr. Arvind Panagariya
• By what short name is the 'Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management' Act known? - FRBM Act (2003)
• How many digits does the TIN or GSTIN used to increase tax revenue and prevent tax evasion have? - 15-digit alphanumeric code
• When the government's revenue expenditure exceeds its revenue receipts, what is it called? - Revenue Deficit
• With whose prior permission is the Finance Bill presented in Parliament in India? - President of India
• In which article of the Constitution is the Consolidated Fund of India mentioned? - Article 266(1)
• Under which article is the Contingency Fund of India under the control of the President? - Article 267
• What is the curve that shows an increase in tax revenue with an increase in tax rates and then a decline after a certain point called? - Laffer Curve
• What does the concept of Zero-Based Budgeting mean? - Allocating funds from scratch by considering each budget session starting at zero
• What is the main objective of Capital Expenditure? - Creating assets in the country and developing infrastructure

Urbanization and Social Infrastructure

• In which year was the 'Smart Cities Mission' started with the objective of transforming 100 cities in India? - In the year 2015
• Under MGNREGA, what is the legal guarantee of employment provided to rural households in a financial year? - 100 days
• 'Ayushman Bharat' (PM-JAY) योजना के तहत लाभार्थी परिवार को प्रति वर्ष कितने रुपये तक के मुफ्त इलाज की सुविधा मिलती है? - ₹5 lakh
• In which year was the 'AMRUT' mission, started for urban renewal and infrastructure development, launched? - In the year 2015
• What is the main slogan of the 'Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana' started for financial inclusion? - "Mera Khata Bhagya Vidhata"
• Which mission has the target of providing pure tap water to all households in rural areas by 2024? - Jal Jeevan Mission
• What is the name of the scheme providing easy loans to street vendors in India? - PM SVANidhi Scheme
• Which scheme is run to provide affordable permanent houses to urban and rural poor? - Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)
• On which date was the formal launch of 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' done? - On October 2, 2014
• What is the new name of the Mid-Day Meal Scheme that aims to universalize primary education and improve nutrition in schools in India? - PM POSHAN Scheme
• From which state was the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao scheme started? - Panipat, Haryana (Year 2015)
• The 'Atal Pension Yojana' (APY), which provides pension security to senior citizens in India, is for which age group? - 18 to 40 years
• To measure the rate of urbanization in India, what minimum population area is considered urban in the census? - 5,000 population
• What is the name of the program started by NITI Aayog for the development of the country's backward districts? - Aspirational Districts Programme
• Which TV channel network has been started to provide digital education in the remote areas of the country? - SWAYAM Prabha
• On which educational structure system is the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 based? - 5+3+3+4 structure
• What are the three types of loans provided under the 'Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana' (PMMY)? - Shishu, Kishor, and Tarun
• Which portal has been launched to prepare a national database of workers in the unorganized sector? - e-Shram Portal
• Which region is moving towards becoming India's first carbon-neutral Union Territory or region? - लद्दाख
• Which national body works for gender equality and women empowerment in the country? - National Commission for Women (NCW)

Master Plan and Modern Infra

• What is the name of the National Master Plan started to integrate infrastructure development plans of various ministries in India? - PM Gati Shakti
• What is the full form of TRAI, the body that regulates telecom services and call rates in India? - Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
• What is the full form of UNDP, the body that releases the Human Development Index (HDI)? - United Nations Development Programme
• In which year was the formal commercial launch of 5G telecom services done in India? - In the year 2022
• What is the name of the scheme started for comprehensive investment in infrastructure projects in India for the period 2019 to 2025? - National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP)
• What is the name of the smart city being developed as an international financial and technology center in Gujarat? - GIFT City (Gujarat International Finance Tec-City)
• Which policy has been formulated with the objective of bringing logistics costs in India to single digits of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? - National Logistics Policy
• What is the name of the bank established to provide long-term financing for infrastructure projects in the Indian economy? - NaBFID (National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development)
• What is the digital integration of public transport infrastructure in an integrated transport system called? - Multi-Modal Logistics Park (MMLP)
• Which institution assesses the environmental impact in the construction and infrastructure sector? - CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board)
• What does 'BOT' mean under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in India? - Build-Operate-Transfer
• Which is the leading body attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the infrastructure sector in India? - Invest India
• What is the name of the indigenous train protection system adopted by Indian Railways to promote smart transport? - 'KAVACH'
• What is the objective of the 'Gati Shakti Sanchar' portal being implemented for the construction of expressways and data center infrastructure in India? - To accelerate telecom infrastructure approvals
• What is the name of the international solar energy and transport corridor to strengthen India's infrastructure globally? - India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)
• What is the Namo Bharat (RAPIDX) system started for fast and comfortable regional travel between cities in India? - Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS)
• Which is India's first greenfield expressway that has fully controlled access? - Delhi-Mumbai Expressway
• What is the full form of the 'EPC' model used to accelerate infrastructure projects in India? - Engineering, Procurement, and Construction
• Which law has been recently passed for the protection of digital data infrastructure in India? - Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act
• Which is the new infra sector developing rapidly in India to increase data processing and cloud storage capacity? - Data Center Infrastructure

Foreign Trade and FDI

• What is the target of the Government of India's new Foreign Trade Policy (FTP 2023) to take India's total exports to by the year 2030? - $2 trillion (1 trillion goods + 1 trillion services)
• By which institution is the monitoring and regulation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India mainly done? - By Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Ministry of Commerce and Industry
• What are the two main routes for permitting FDI in India? - Automatic Route and Government Route
• 'Foreign Exchange Management Act' (FEMA) किस वर्ष लागू किया गया था जिसने FERA का स्थान लिया? - In the year 1999 (Implemented: 2000)
• By which government department are the data of import and export of commercial goods released in India? - Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIandamp;S)
• 'Special Drawing Rights' (SDR) किस अंतर्राष्ट्रीय वित्तीय संस्था की एक विशेष आरक्षित संपत्ति/मुद्रा है? - International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• Which two accounts are mainly included in India's Balance of Payments (BoP)? - Current Account and Capital Account
• What is it called when a country's total visible-invisible exports exceed total imports? - Trade Surplus
• Which is the apex financial institution formed to promote foreign trade in India? - Export-Import Bank of India (Exim Bank - established 1982)
• What is the system called that includes the cost of insurance and freight in addition to the value of goods in international trade? - CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight)
• Who protects and manages the Foreign Exchange Reserves in India? - Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
• Due to the heavy import of which item does India's Current Account Deficit (CAD) mainly increase? - Due to imports of crude oil and gold
• What is the main difference between 'Foreign Portfolio Investment' (FPI) and 'Foreign Direct Investment' (FDI)? - FDI involves management/ownership of assets, while FPI is only investment in financial securities
• By which ministry is the Foreign Trade Policy announced in India? - Ministry of Commerce and Industry
• What is the main objective of 'Tariff' in foreign trade? - To protect domestic industries by imposing taxes on imported goods
• In which year was the World Trade Organization (WTO) established and where is its headquarters located? - In the year 1995, in Geneva (Switzerland)
• For what purpose is the use of 'Masala Bonds' in India? - To raise capital in Indian Rupee denomination abroad
• What kind of exemption is mainly provided to units established in a 'Special Economic Zone' (SEZ)? - Exemption in customs duty and taxes
• Which initiative is run by the Government of India to promote exports from every district of the country? - 'District as Export Hub' initiative
• What comes under 'Visible Trade' in Balance of Payments? - Import-export of physical goods

Capital Market and Stock Exchanges

• Which is India's oldest and Asia's first stock exchange? - Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE - established 1875)
• What is the major sensitive index of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) called? - Sensex (index of 30 major companies)
• On the recommendation of which committee was the National Stock Exchange (NSE) established in the year 1992? - On the recommendation of the Pherwani Committee
• How many companies are included in the major index 'Nifty 50' of the National Stock Exchange (NSE)? - 50 major companies
• Which is the apex body regulating the capital market in India? - Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
• When a company issues its shares to the general public for the first time, what is it called? - Initial Public Offering (IPO)
• What is the situation of rapid price rise in the stock market and those who expect prices to rise called? - Bull Market
• What is the tendency of continuous recession and price fall in the stock market called? - Bear Market
• What are the institutions that keep securities safe in electronic (digital) form in India called? - Depositories (NSDL and CDSL)
• What is the process of converting physical share certificates into electronic form called? - Dematerialization (Demat)
• Giving existing shareholders the first right to buy additional shares by companies is called what? - Rights Issue
• What is illegal trading based on unpublished insider information in the stock market called? - Insider Trading
• By whom is the short-term Money Market regulated in India? - By the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
• By whom is the long-term Capital Market regulated in India? - By SEBI
• Which are the major credit rating agencies that give credit ratings on issuing bonds and debentures in the Indian corporate world? - CRISIL, ICRA and CARE
• When a company gives free shares to shareholders as part of its dividend, what are they called? - Bonus Shares
• Under whose guidelines is the Mutual Funds industry regulated in India? - Under SEBI and AMFI
• 'Treasury Bills' (T-Bills) भारत सरकार द्वारा जारी किए जाने वाले अल्पकालिक ऋण साधन हैं, इनकी अधिकतम अवधि कितनी हो सकती है? - 364 days (91, 182, and 364 days)
• What is the meaning of the T+1 settlement system used for trade settlement in the Indian financial market? - Settlement within 1 business day of the trade
• Who was the first full-time statutory chairperson of SEBI? - G. V. Ramakrishna (upon getting statutory status in 1992)

Inflation, Price Indices and Monetary Tools

• Which index is used to measure changes in wholesale prices in India? - Wholesale Price Index (WPI)
• By which ministry are the data of the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) released? - By the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (DPIIT)
• Which index is used to measure retail inflation in India? - Consumer Price Index (CPI)
• By which institution are the Consumer Price Index (CPI) data released on a monthly basis? - National Statistical Office (NSO)
• Which index is mainly used as a base by the RBI to measure inflation targets in its monetary policy? - Consumer Price Index Combined (CPI-Combined)
• When both inflation and stagnation coexist in the economy, what is this situation called? - Stagflation
• What is the situation of extremely fast and uncontrolled inflation where the value of money falls very rapidly called? - Hyperinflation
• What is the inflation caused due to excessive increase in demand called? - Demand-Pull Inflation
• What is the inflation caused due to an increase in production costs (like raw materials, wages) called? - Cost-Push Inflation
• Under monetary policy, what is done to the repo rate by the RBI to control inflation? - Repo rate is increased
• What is the rate at which commercial banks deposit their surplus funds with the RBI for the short term called? - Reverse Repo Rate
• What is the process of buying and selling government securities by the RBI in the open market called? - Open Market Operations (OMO)
• What is the main difference between Bank Rate and Repo Rate? - Bank rate is applicable to long-term loans and does not require collateral
• What is meant by 'Core Inflation' in the economy? - Inflation derived by subtracting food and energy (fuel) prices from total inflation
• What is the target range of inflation set under the current monetary policy framework in India? - 4% (with a tolerance limit of ±2%, i.e., 2% to 6%)
• When the general price level of goods and services decreases continuously, what is this situation called? - Deflation
• How many members are there in total in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)? - 6 members (3 from RBI and 3 nominated by the Central Government)
• Under the 'Marginal Standing Facility' (MSF), for what duration can commercial banks take ultra-short-term loans? - For 1 day (overnight)
• 'Creeping Inflation' or mild inflation is considered favorable for the economy up to what rate? - 2% to 3% per year
• What is the current base year for WPI in India? - Year 2011-12

Minerals, Mining and Resources

• Which region of India is called the 'Ruhr of India', which is rich in mineral resources? - Chotanagpur Plateau
• Which major state holds the top position in coal production and reserves in India? - Jharkhand and Odisha
• Which variety of coal is considered the best quality in India? - Anthracite (Carbon content >80-90%)
• In which place was India's first oil well drilled in 1889? - Digboi (Assam)
• Where is the largest reserve and mining area of lignite (brown coal) located in India? - Neyveli (Tamil Nadu)
• In which state is the 'Khetri' mine, famous for copper mining in India, located? - Rajasthan (Jhunjhunu)
• In which state is the 'Kolar' mine, historically famous for gold mining in India, located? - Karnataka
• In which state are the 'Panna' mines, which are known for diamond mining in India, located? - Madhya Pradesh
• For the offshore mining of which natural resource is Mumbai High famous? - Petroleum and Natural Gas
• Which is the largest bauxite (ore of aluminium) producing state in India? - ओडिशा
• In which state is the famous 'Bailadila' region that mines iron ore in India located? - Chhattisgarh
• Which is the major public sector company for the exploration and production of natural gas and crude oil in India? - ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation)
• In which coastal sand are the reserves of Rare Earth Elements and thorium mainly found in India? - Monazite sand of the coastal region of Kerala
• Which act has been implemented by the Government of India for reforms in the mining sector and transparent auction process? - MMDR Act (Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation Act)
• In which state are the 'Jaduguda' mines, famous for uranium mining, located? - झारखंड में
• In which basin is the 'KG-D6' natural gas basin, the largest discovered so far in India, located? - Krishna-Godavari Basin
• Which mineral is the main source of thorium found in abundance for nuclear power generation in India? - Monazite
• Which state is leading in India in the production of manganese and chromite? - ओडिशा
• Which company has been established by the Government of India for self-reliance in critical and strategic minerals in the country? - KABIL (Khanij Bidesh India Limited)
• In which year was the first National Mineral Policy announced by the Government of India? - In the year 1993 (Updated: 2019)

SEZs, MSMEs and Corridors

• Where was the first 'Export Processing Zone' (EPZ) established in India in the year 1965? - Kandla (Gujarat) - Asia's first EPZ
• In which year was the 'SEZ Act' passed by Parliament in India? - In the year 2005 (Implemented: 2006)
• In which year was the 'MSMED Act' passed for the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India? - In the year 2006
• Under the revised definition of MSME in India, what is an enterprise with investment up to ₹2.5 crore and turnover up to ₹10 crore called? - Micro Enterprise
• In which category is an enterprise with investment up to ₹25 crore and turnover up to ₹100 crore placed in India? - Small Enterprise
• In which category is an enterprise with investment up to ₹125 crore and turnover up to ₹500 crore placed in India? - Medium Enterprise
• Which is India's first and largest industrial corridor project being developed with the support of Japan? - Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC)
• Which is the official portal started by the Central Government for the registration of MSME units in India? - Udyam Registration Portal
• By which state was the 'One District One Product' (ODOP) scheme first started? - By Uttar Pradesh (now implemented at the national level)
• Which is the main government scheme to provide easy collateral-free loans to the MSME sector? - CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee Fund Trust)
• What is the main task of India's National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust (NICDIT)? - To develop industrial cities and corridors in the country in an integrated manner
• Where are two dedicated 'Defence Corridors' being established to promote defence manufacturing in India? - In Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
• What is the name of the scheme run by the Ministry of MSME to promote cluster-based industrial development? - SFURTI Scheme
• Which campaign encourages MSME units to improve quality according to international standards? - 'Zero Defect, Zero Effect' (ZED Certification)
• Through how many states does the Amritsar-Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC) pass? - 7 states
• Approximately what contribution is made by the MSME sector to the country's total manufacturing exports in India? - Approximately 45% to 50%
• Under which ministry's administrative control does the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) function? - Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)
• How many important sectors have been mainly included under the 'PLI' scheme in India's manufacturing sector? - 14 major sectors
• What is the name of the Samadhaan portal established to resolve delayed payments to MSMEs in India? - MSME Samadhaan
• With the financial support of which international agency is the Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC) being developed? - Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Telecom, IT and Digital Ecosystem

• In which year was telephone service first started in India during the British era? - In the year 1881 (in Kolkata)
• In which year and by which company was internet service first started for the general public in India? - August 15, 1995 (by VSNL)
• In which year was 'TRAI' constituted to regulate the telecom sector in India? - In the year 1997 (TRAI Act 1997)
• Which project is meant to connect all gram panchayats of the country with high-speed broadband network by the Government of India? - BharatNet (formerly NOFN)
• In which year was Mobile Number Portability (MNP) service formally implemented across the country in India? - In the year 2011
• What is the name of the central fund constituted to provide telecom services in rural and remote areas? - Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF / now Digital Bharat Nidhi)
• Who has developed India's first indigenous 4G/5G telecom stack (Technology Stack)? - By C-DOT and BSNL
• Which is the integrated citizen service mobile app of India developed by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)? - UMANG App
• Which cloud service has been provided in India to safely and verify citizen documents in digital form? - DigiLocker
• By whom is India's National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) being jointly operated? - By C-DAC and IISc Bangalore
• Which was the first indigenous supercomputer made in India that C-DAC Pune built in the year 1991? - PARAM 8000
• By what name is India's leading city for global Information Technology (IT) services and BPO exports, 'Bengaluru', famous? - Silicon Valley of India
• What is the full form of C-DAC, whose headquarters is located in Pune? - Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
• Which national campaign has been started to promote domestic manufacturing of electronics and IT products? - Make in India and National Policy on Electronics
• When was the formal inauguration of 5G services done in India after the commercial auction of 5G spectrum? - On October 1, 2022
• Which law ensures data security and digital privacy of citizens in India? - Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act 2023
• What is the main objective of India's National Knowledge Network (NKN)? - To connect higher education and research institutions with a high-speed network
• Which is the national nodal agency for dealing with and responding to cyber security incidents in India? - CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team)
• In which year were 'Software Technology Parks of India' (STPI) established in India? - In the year 1991
• Which is India's official e-commerce portal established to bring transparency in government procurements? - Government e-Marketplace (GeM Portal)

Social Security and Labour Economics

• Which portal has been launched to prepare a national database of workers in the unorganized sector in India? - e-Shram Portal
• Under whose administrative control does the 'Employees' Provident Fund Organisation' (EPFO) function? - Ministry of Labour and Employment
• Which scheme has been started by the Government of India to provide old-age pension to workers in the unorganized sector? - Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM) Yojana
• In which year was the 'Minimum Wages Act' passed in India? - In the year 1948
• How many new 'Labour Codes' has the Government of India prepared by combining the previous 29 central labour laws? - 4 Labour Codes (Wages, Industrial Relations, Social Security, and Occupational Safety)
• Under which act was the 'Employees' State Insurance Corporation' (ESIC) established? - ESI Act, 1948
• Under the Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act 2017 in India, what has the duration of paid maternity leave for working women been increased to? - From 12 weeks to 26 weeks
• What is the eligible age group for joining the 'Atal Pension Yojana' (APY)? - 18 to 40 years (₹1000-5000 pension at the age of 60)
• What is the main feature of 'Disguised Unemployment'? - Marginal Productivity of workers is zero
• When a person does not want to work at the prevailing wage rate by their own will, what is it called? - Voluntary Unemployment
• What is the unemployment caused due to recession or decline in the economic cycle called? - Cyclical Unemployment
• What is the unemployment created during the period between leaving one job and starting another called? - Frictional Unemployment
• By which survey are the unemployment and employment data in India released regularly? - Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS by NSO)
• What is the name of the scheme providing micro-loans to make street vendors self-reliant? - PM SVANidhi Scheme
• How much life insurance cover is provided under the 'Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana' (PMJJBY)? - ₹2 lakh (annual premium ₹436)
• What type of insurance cover does the 'Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana' (PMSBY) provide? - Accidental Insurance (Cover of ₹2 lakh)
• What is the main objective of the National Child Labour Project (NCLP)? - Eradication of child labour and rehabilitation of children from hazardous industries
• What is meant by 'Gig Economy' in India? - Temporary, freelance, and platform-based workforce (like delivery boys, cab drivers)
• What is the main objective of the 'Shram Suvidha Portal'? - To bring transparency in labour inspections and make compliance easier for businesses
• Which article of the Constitution of India relates to the prohibition of child labour in hazardous factories? - Article 24

Banking Reforms, NPAs and NBFCs

• In which year was the 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code' (IBC) passed in India to deal with the problem of non-performing assets (NPA) of banks? - In the year 2016
• When the principal amount or interest of a bank loan remains outstanding for how many days is it declared an NPA? - 90 days
• What is the official name of the 'Bad Bank' established to buy and dispose of bad loans stuck in banks? - NARCL (National Asset Reconstruction Company Limited)
• In which year was the Banking Ombudsman Scheme first started in India? - In the year 1995 (now Integrated Ombudsman Scheme 2021)
• What is the main difference between Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) and commercial banks? - NBFCs cannot accept demand deposits (execution by cheque)
• In which year was the decision to merge 10 major public sector banks of India into 4 major banks implemented? - On April 1, 2020
• For the safety of depositors in banks, what maximum amount of insurance cover per depositor bank account does 'DICGC' provide? - ₹5 lakh
• Which famous committee was formed in the year 1991 and 1998 for reforms in the banking sector? - एम. Narasimham Committee
• What are the standards implemented at the international level for risk management and capital adequacy in banking operations called? - Basel Norms (Basel I, II, III)
• What is the minimum capital that commercial banks are required to keep against their risk-weighted assets called? - Capital Adequacy Ratio (CRAR / CAR)
• What is the main objective of the 'SARFAESI Act, 2002'? - To give banks the right to seize mortgaged properties of defaulters without going to court
• Under Priority Sector Lending (PSL), what percentage of their total loans are commercial banks mandatorily required to give? - 40% (different norms for foreign banks too)
• What is the current maximum deposit limit per customer for 'Payments Banks' in India? - ₹2 lakh
• Whose recommendations were made the basis for establishing 'Small Finance Banks' in India? - Recommendations of the Usha Thorat Committee
• Which committee recommended establishing Payments Banks in India? - Nachiket Mor Committee ने
• Which is the body constituted for selection and governance reforms of chairpersons and board members in public sector banks? - Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB - formerly BBB)
• 'Indradhanush Plan' is related to bringing comprehensive reforms in which sector? - Reforms in the functioning of Public Sector Banks (PSBs)
• In which year did India's first Payments Bank, 'Airtel Payments Bank', start its operations? - In the year 2017
• Why is the 'Prompt Corrective Action' (PCA) framework implemented by the RBI? - For monitoring and financial improvement of banks with weak financial health
• When an NPA remains under stress for more than 12 months, into which category is it classified? - Sub-standard Asset

Green Finance and Sustainable Infra

• By which year has India set a target to achieve 'Net-Zero Carbon Emissions'? - By the year 2070 (announced at COP26)
• In which conference was the 'Panchamrit' approach, presented by India on the international stage to deal with climate change, given? - Glasgow COP26 (2021)
• What are the bonds issued to finance eco-friendly and sustainable infrastructure projects called? - Sovereign Green Bonds
• In which financial year was the first 'Sovereign Green Bond' issued by the Government of India in the country? - In the financial year 2022-23
• Where is the headquarters of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) located, which was jointly started by India and France? - Gurugram (Haryana, India)
• Which is India's first Union Territory to become a region run entirely on 100% renewable (solar) energy? - दीव (Diu)
• What is the global framework that measures investment decisions based on environmental, social, and governance standards called? - ESG framework (Environmental, Social, and Governance)
• What is the international initiative started by India for the development of disaster-resilient infrastructure? - CDRI (Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure)
• What is the target of India's first 'National Green Hydrogen Mission' to achieve production by 2030? - 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) per year
• Which is India's first fully solar-powered international airport? - Cochin International Airport (Kerala)
• What is the ambitious scheme recently started to promote the installation of solar energy panels on rooftops? - PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana
• What is the name of the scheme run to promote the production of bio-gas and compressed bio-gas (CBG) in the country? - SATAT initiative
• Which was the main scheme promoting the rapid manufacturing and adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in India? - FAME India Scheme
• Which advanced standard category is implemented in India to control emissions from vehicles? - BS-VI (BS-VI) emission standards
• Which scheme of the Central Government has been started to promote natural farming and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers? - PM-PRANAM Scheme
• Which is the nodal agency that regulates the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) in India? - Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
• What is the main objective of the 'Green Credit Program'? - To provide incentives to individuals and institutions for plantation and environmental conservation
• What is the main advantage of establishing a Floating Solar Power Project? - Saving land and reducing evaporation
• Which Indian state holds the top position in wind energy capacity in India? - Gujarat and Tamil Nadu
• Which report of NITI Aayog evaluates the achievement of environmental protection and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? - SDG India Index

Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments and FinTech

• On which date was India's world's largest financial inclusion campaign 'Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana' (PMJDY) launched? - On August 28, 2014
• By what name are the bank accounts opened under the Jan Dhan Yojana known? - BSBD accounts (Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account)
• What is the full form of 'JAM Trinity', considered the backbone of India's digital revolution? - Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, and Mobile
• Which institution has developed the fast and secure UPI payment system in India? - NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India)
• What type of card network is the RuPay card developed by NPCI? - India's indigenous domestic card network
• What is the name of the service started to make UPI payments from feature phones without internet in India? - 123PAY (*99# service)
• Which system allows small traders to accept payments from smartphones without a card machine? - SoftPOS and QR code technology
• What is India's official digital currency issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) called? - e-Rupee / CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency)
• Which scheme provides loans up to ₹10 lakh to micro-entrepreneurs in India without guarantee? - Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY - Shishu, Kishor, Tarun)
• Which is India's indigenous immediate inter-bank fund transfer system that works 24x7? - IMPS (Immediate Payment Service)
• What are the bank representatives who take banking services to the doorstep in remote rural areas called? - Bank Mitra / Business Correspondents (BCs)
• Under which ministry has the India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) been established? - Department of Posts (Ministry of Communications)
• Which week is organized every year by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to promote financial literacy? - Financial Literacy Week
• On which radio frequency identification technology does 'FASTag' technology work? - RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) तकनीक
• By which institution is the Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) released every year in India? - By Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
• In which state is India's international center in the FinTech sector, 'GIFT City', located? - गांधीनगर, गुजरात में
• What is the system of withdrawing money through Aadhaar card-based biometric authentication called? - AePS (Aadhaar Enabled Payment System)
• What type of digital voucher-based cashless payment instrument is 'e-RUPI'? - Person andamp; Purpose-Specific voucher
• Which are the first neighboring countries to accept India's UPI at the international level? - नेपाल, भूटान, श्रीलंका और मॉरीशस
• What is the arrangement that allows FinTech companies to test new products within a regulatory framework called? - Regulatory Sandbox