HP GK one liner - History of Himachal Pradesh

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History of Himachal Pradesh

• In which year did Alexander step on the banks of the Beas (Hyphasis) river? - In 326 BC.
• In which year did Mahmud Ghaznavi attack and loot the Kangra (Nagarkot) fort? - In 1009 AD.
• Which king of Kangra built the famous 'Kangra Fort' (Nagarkot Fort)? - Susharma Chandra.
• In which year did the Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang visit Kullu and Jalandhar? - In 635 AD.
• In which year did Timur Lang attack the Shivalik hills and Sirmaur? - In 1398 AD.
• Which ruler of Kangra was imprisoned by Jahangir in 1620 AD after capturing the Kangra fort? - Raja Hari Chandra.
• Between whom was the famous 'Treaty of Jwalamukhi' signed in 1809 AD? - Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Raja Sansar Chand.
• In which year did Bir Sen establish the Suket princely state? - In 765 AD.
• By whom was the Kehlur (Bilaspur) princely state established in 697 AD? - Bir Chand.
• In which year did Gorkha commander Amar Singh Thapa defeat Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra at Mahalmorian? - In 1805 AD.
• In which year was the Treaty of Sagauli signed, ending the Anglo-Gorkha War? - In 1815 AD (implemented in March 1816).
• Which king founded Chamba city in 920 AD and named it after his daughter? - Sahil Varman.
• During the rebellion of 1857, which king of the Bushahr princely state refused to support the British? - Raja Shamsher Singh.
• By which ruler was Mandi city founded in 1527 AD? - Ajbar Sen.
• In which year did the Pajhota Movement (Pajhota Andolan), part of the Quit India Movement, take place? - In 1942 AD (Sirmaur state).

Ancient History and Tribes

• Whose descendants did the people of the famous 'Audumbara' tribe of the Mahabharata period consider themselves to be? - Sage Vishwamitra.
• What type of administrative system did the residents of Kangra (Trigarta) adopt at the time of Alexander's invasion? - Republic System.
• Which is considered the oldest tribe to enter Himachal Pradesh? - Kol.
• How many years did the famous war between Divodasa and Shambar described in the Rigveda last? - 40 years.
• Which sage was the chief advisor and priest of the Rigvedic king Divodasa? - Sage Bharadwaj.
• How many strong forts did the famous Kirat king Shambar have in the hills of Himachal? - 99 forts.
• Which king of Trigarta supported the Kauravas in the war of Mahabharata? - Susharma Chandra.
• What was the ancient name of Kangra mentioned in the Mahabharata and Puranas? - Trigarta (and Nagarkot).
• What was the ancient name of Kullu princely state and in which ancient texts is it mentioned? - Kuluta (in Ramayana and Mahabhashya).
• How is Trigarta described in Panini's famous grammar book 'Ashtadhyayi'? - Ayudhajivi Sangha (A confederation living by weapons).

Mauryan, Kushan and Gupta Period

• Whom did the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka send to the hilly areas to propagate Buddhism? - Majjhima and four other monks.
• At which place in Himachal Pradesh has an inscription built by Emperor Ashoka been found? - Kalsi (Sirmaur area near the present Uttarakhand border).
• From which district of Himachal have some coins from the time of Kushan ruler Kanishka been found? - From Kanhiara of Kangra and Hamirpur.
• Which Gupta emperor subjugated the hill states in the fourth century and forced them to pay tax? - Samudragupta (according to the Allahabad pillar inscription).
• In which century did the Huna ruler Torman attack the hilly areas and damage the Gupta Empire? - Early sixth century.
• Who was the ruler of Kuluta (Kullu) when the famous Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang visited? - Vihangamani Pal.
• Beyond which river did Alexander's soldiers refuse to proceed, forcing him to return? - Beas River (Hyphasis).
• Where was the capital of 'Jalandhar state' under the Trigarta princely state in ancient times? - Nagarkot (Kangra).
• According to Buddhist texts, who was the hill king who adopted Buddhism during the Mauryan period? - Raja Subahu.
• After which century did small rulers (Ranas and Thakurs) emerge in the hilly areas, who were called 'Apathakurai'? - After the seventh century.

Medieval History and Muslim Invasions

• Which Sultan of Delhi captured the Nagarkot fort of Kangra in 1337 AD? - Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
• During the reign of which king of Nagarkot did Firoz Shah Tughlaq besiege Kangra in 1365 AD? - Raja Rup Chand.
• How many Sanskrit books did Firoz Shah Tughlaq loot from the Jwalamukhi temple and have them translated into Persian? - 1300 books.
• By what name were the books looted from the Jwalamukhi temple translated into Persian? - Dalayal-e-Firozshahi (Translator: Azizuddin Khalid).
• When Jahangir conquered Kangra Fort in 1620 AD, who was appointed as the first Mughal Qiladar (Governor) there? - Nawab Ali Khan.
• In which year did the Mughal Emperor Jahangir visit Kangra with his wife Noor Jahan? - In 1622 AD.
• Which king of Nurpur rebelled against the Mughals during Shah Jahan's period? - Raja Jagat Singh (1641 AD).
• Who was the last Mughal Qiladar (Nawab) of Kangra fort during the Mughal period? - Nawab Saif Ali Khan (until 1783).
• In which year did Akbar send Todar Mal to measure the land of the hill states and prepare royal property (estates)? - In 1572-73 AD.
• Which Mughal courtier helped in capturing Raja Jai Chand of Kangra, who rebelled against Akbar? - Raja Birbal.

Medieval Princely States and Their Founders

• By which king of Kangra was Guler princely state established in 1405 AD? - Raja Hari Chandra.
• Who founded Haripur city and made it the capital of Guler state? - Raja Hari Chandra.
• By which ruler was the Siba princely state established in 1432 AD, which was a branch of the Guler state? - Sibarn Chand.
• Who established the Datarpur state around 1550 AD after separating from Jaswan state? - Dattar Chand.
• Which was the first branch/state to separate from Kangra (Trigarta) princely state? - Jaswan State (Establishment: by Purab Chand in 1170 AD).
• Which Brahmin established the Kutlehar princely state, who later became a Rajput? - Jaspal (10-11th century).
• Which was considered the smallest princely state in terms of area in the Kangra region? - Kutlehar State.
• Who established Shahpur state and its historical fort around 1650? - Raja Bhakt Mal.
• Which Brahmin dynasty ruler established Bangahal princely state, whose capital was Bir? - Prithvi Pal.
• Where was the ancient capital of Jaswan state located where Raja Purab Chand held his court? - Rajpura (present Una district).

History of Chamba and Kullu Princely States

• Who established 'Brahmpur' (Bharmour), the ancient capital of Chamba state, in 550 AD? - Maru Varman (Meru Varman).
• Which king of Chamba first started using the title 'Varman' with his name? - Aditya Varman.
• Who built the famous 'Manimahesh Temple' and 'Lakshana Devi Temple' in Bharmour? - Meru Varman.
• During the reign of which king of Chamba was a complete ban imposed on killing mice in Chamba city? - Musan Varman.
• By whom was the Kullu state established, who came from Haridwar (Mayapuri)? - By Vihangamani Pal.
• Which king of Kullu moved his capital from 'Jagatsukh' to 'Naggar'? - Vishudha Pal.
• Which famous king of Kullu brought the idol of Lord Raghunath Ji from Ayodhya and installed it in 1651? - Raja Jagat Singh.
• Whose courtier or priest was Damodar Das, who brought the idol of Raghunath Ji from Ayodhya to Kullu? - Raja Jagat Singh's.
• Which king of Chamba married the daughter of the king of Suket and became the father of Sahil Varman? - Dagakar Varman.
• Who was the king of Kullu who was removed from the throne by his subjects because of his cruelty? - Raja Jai Singh.

Detailed History of Suket and Mandi Princely States

• In which year did Bahu Sen, a descendant of the founder of Suket state Bir Sen, separate from Suket and lay the foundation of 'Mandi state'? - Around 1200 AD (in Mangalore).
• Where was the old capital of Mandi state located, established by Bahu Sen? - Hat (near Mangalore, Kullu border).
• Which king of Mandi established modern 'Mandi city' on the left bank of the Beas river in 1527 AD? - Raja Ajbar Sen.
• By which king was the famous 'Bhootnath Temple' built in Mandi city? - Raja Ajbar Sen.
• Which king of Suket state established Vikrampur city and made it his capital? - Raja Vikram Sen.
• During the reign of which king of Suket was the famous 'Madanpur Fort' built? - Raja Madan Sen.
• Which powerful king of Mandi was treacherously captured and killed by King Man Singh of Kullu? - Raja Prithvi Sen.
• Which famous palace and fort did King Sidh Sen of Mandi build during his reign? - Damdama Palace.
• Who was the first European traveler to visit Mandi and Suket in 1820 and describe the army there? - William Moorcroft.
• Who was the last king of Suket state during whose time the Suket Satyagraha took place in 1948? - Raja Lakshman Sen.

Shimla Hills and Bilaspur (Kehlur) Princely State

• The reign of which king of Bilaspur (Kehlur) is called the 'Dark Age' of Bilaspur's history? - Raja Kharak Chand.
• Which king of Kehlur state moved his capital from 'Sunhani' to 'Bilaspur' on the banks of the Beas river? - Deep Chand (1654 AD).
• Which was considered the oldest and largest princely state of Shimla Hills? - Bushahr State.
• Which king of Bushahr state was given the title of 'Chhatrapati' by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb? - Raja Kehri Singh.
• Against which king did King Mahan Chand of Kehlur (Bilaspur) invite Gorkha commander Amar Singh Thapa for help? - Against Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra.
• By which descendant of Raja Rasalu was the Sirmaur state established in 1195 AD? - Raja Subhansh Prakash.
• Which king of Sirmaur moved his capital from 'Rajban' to 'Kalsi'? - Udit Prakash.
• By which ruler of the Sen dynasty was the Kyonthal state established in 765 AD? - Giri Sen (brother of King Bir Sen of Suket).
• Which king of Bilaspur actively assisted the British in the rebellion of 1857? - Raja Hira Chand.
• By which son of the king of Kehlur was the Nalagarh (Hindur) state established in 1100 AD? - Ajay Chand.

Raja Sansar Chand and Gorkha Invasions

• The period of which ruler of Kangra is called the 'Golden Age of Kangra art and history'? - Raja Sansar Chand (1775-1823).
• In which year did Raja Sansar Chand defeat the last Mughal Qiladar and take control of the historical Kangra fort? - In 1783 AD (with the help of Jai Singh Kanhaiya).
• At which place did the Gorkhas under the leadership of Amar Singh Thapa badly defeat Raja Sansar Chand in 1805 AD? - Mahalmorian (present Hamirpur district).
• After being defeated by the Gorkhas, from which powerful Sikh Maharaja did Raja Sansar Chand seek help? - Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
• In which year did the famous 'Battle of Kotla' or siege of Kangra between Sikhs and Gorkhas end? - In 1809 AD (after the Jwalamukhi Treaty).
• Under the Jwalamukhi treaty, which major fort and how many villages did Maharaja Ranjit Singh receive from Sansar Chand? - Kangra Fort and 66 villages.
• Who was the chief advisor and writer of Gorkha commander Amar Singh Thapa who wrote the history of that time? - Ramdatta Pant.
• Who became the king of Kangra after the death of Sansar Chand and faced the growing influence of the Sikhs? - Anirudh Chand.
• Which European traveler visited Raja Sansar Chand's court (Sujanpur Tira) in 1820 AD? - William Moorcroft.
• Which fort in the Shimla hills was made the main military center by the Gorkhas during their rule? - Jagatgarh and Malown Fort.

Sikh History and Himachal Pradesh

• How were the relations of Sikhs with hill states during the time of the fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ramdas Ji? - Peaceful and friendly.
• The sixth Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind Ji, founded which city by taking land from King Kalyan Chand of Kehlur (Bilaspur)? - Kiratpur Sahib (1626 AD).
• The ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, laid the foundation of Anandpur Sahib (Makhowal) by buying land from which king of Bilaspur? - From Queen Champa, wife of King Deep Chand.
• At the invitation of which king of Sirmaur did Guru Gobind Singh Ji come to Nahan (Sirmaur)? - Raja Medni Prakash (1684 AD).
• Guru Gobind Singh Ji founded which historical place on the banks of the Yamuna river during his stay in Sirmaur? - Paonta Sahib.
• Which famous battle took place between Guru Gobind Singh Ji and King Bhim Chand of Kehlur in 1686 AD? - Battle of Bhangani.
• In the Battle of Bhangani, Guru Gobind Singh Ji defeated the alliance of which hill king? - Raja Bhim Chand (Bilaspur) and Raja Fateh Shah (Garhwal).
• Where did the famous war of the joint alliance between the hill kings and Guru Gobind Singh Ji against the Mughals take place in 1691 AD? - Battle of Nadaun.
• Whom did Guru Gobind Singh Ji and King Bhim Chand defeat together in the Battle of Nadaun? - Alif Khan.
• In which year did the Sikh Banda Singh Bahadur defeat Wazir Khan, the Subedar of Sirhind, with the help of the hill kings? - In 1710 AD.

Sikh Misls and Treaty of Amritsar

• Who was the first Sikh Misl leader or commander to attack the Kangra hills? - Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (1770 AD).
• After Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, which Sikh Misl leader established his supremacy on the Kangra hills? - Jai Singh Kanhaiya (Kanhaiya Misl).
• From which Sikh leader did Raja Sansar Chand take help to liberate Kangra fort from the Mughals? - Jai Singh Kanhaiya (1783 AD).
• Which historical treaty was signed between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the British in 1809 AD that considered the Sutlej river as the boundary? - Treaty of Amritsar.
• Whom did Maharaja Ranjit Singh appoint as his first Nazim (Governor) to look after the affairs of the Kangra hills? - Desa Singh Majithia (1809 AD).
• Which famous fort of Kangra did Desa Singh Majithia repair and strengthen militarily? - Kotla Fort.
• In which year did Sikh general Hari Singh Nalwa use the Lahaul-Spiti route during the Ladakh campaign? - In 1834-35 AD.
• After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1839), whom did the hill kings support amidst growing tensions between the Sikhs and the British? - The British East India Company (in the hope of getting back their princely states).
• Which tribal area of Himachal was temporarily captured by the famous Sikh general Zorawar Singh during the Tibet campaign? - Spiti region.
• Which Sikh Guru blessed King Sidh Sen of Mandi that "When Mandi is looted, heavenly balls (fireballs) will be released"? - Guru Gobind Singh Ji.

Ancient Inscriptions, Coins and Sources

• By what name are the oldest coins found in Himachal Pradesh known, which were discovered by Cunningham? - Punch-Marked Coins.
• In which script are the ancient inscriptions obtained from Pathyar and Kanhiara of Kangra written? - In Brahmi and Kharosthi script.
• The oldest coin of the Kullu princely state has been found in the name of which king, which is of the first century AD? - Raja Virayas.
• With which king is the famous 'Sarol Inscription' providing information about the history of Chamba state related? - From the period of Raja Rasalu or Somendra Varman.
• For what work was the 'Takri Script' mainly used among the local scripts of Himachal? - For revenue (Land Records) and commercial accounts.
• In which language is the inscription of Ashoka located in Kalsi (Sirmaur border) engraved? - Prakrit language (Script: Brahmi).
• To which art style do the historical wall paintings (भित्ति चित्र) from the period of Raja Sansar Chand in Sujanpur Tira of Kangra belong? - Kangra painting style (Guler-Kangra Style).
• In which princely state of Himachal were the coins of a Brahmin named Lakkar Shah (Lakkarshahi coins) prevalent? - In Chamba State (during the period of Raja Shri Singh).
• Which residents of Himachal are mentioned in Kalidasa's famous book 'Kumarasambhava'? - Kinnara and Kirat.
• Who first compiled and analyzed the genealogies (वंशावली) of the hill states as a historical source? - Captain Alexander Cunningham.

Anglo-Gorkha War and British Rule

• In which year was the 'Anglo-Gorkha War' between the British government and the Gorkhas formally declared? - In 1814 AD.
• In which fort did British General David Ochterlony force Gorkha commander Amar Singh Thapa to surrender in 1815? - Malown Fort (near Nalagarh).
• The death of which famous British general occurred while attacking Jaitak Fort near Nahan during the Gorkha War? - General Gillespie.
• What were the certificates issued by the British government after the Anglo-Gorkha War to return their land to the hill kings called? - Sanad.
• By whom was the first permanent house (Kennedy House) built in Shimla in 1822 AD? - Charles Pratt Kennedy.
• Which Governor General of India first visited Shimla in 1827 AD and said "I and the Emperor of India are both equal"? - Lord Amherst.
• In which year did Lord Dalhousie completely merge the hilly areas of Kangra, Chamba and Kullu into the British Empire? - In 1846 AD (after the first Sikh war).
• In 1851-52 AD, which British officer prepared the layout for the construction of the Hindustan-Tibet road in Chini (Kalpa, Kinnaur)? - Lord Dalhousie himself.
• By which treaty signed after the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46) did most of the hilly areas of Himachal come under the British? - Treaty of Lahore.
• In which year was Shimla formally declared as the 'Summer Capital' of India during the British period? - In 1864 AD (by Lord John Lawrence).

1857 Revolt and Himachal Pradesh

• Who was the Deputy Commissioner of Shimla at the time of the 1857 rebellion who controlled the situation? - Lord William Hay.
• During the 1857 revolution, the soldiers of Kasauli cantonment rebelled and formed which military unit? - Nasiri Battalion.
• During the freedom struggle of 1857, the ruler of which princely state clearly refused to give military and financial help to the British? - Raja Shamsher Singh of Bushahr.
• Which king of Mandi state sent his army to help the British during the 1857 rebellion? - Raja Vijay Sen.
• Which freedom fighter of Kangra was hanged in Dharamsala on charges of conspiring against the British during the 1857 rebellion? - Ram Prasad Vairagi.
• At the time of the 1857 revolution, which king of Chamba sent an army under the leadership of Mian Avatar Singh for the protection of the British? - Raja Shri Singh.
• Which hill king blockaded to stop the soldiers fleeing from Jalandhar cantonment during the rebellion? - King Hira Chand of Kehlur (Bilaspur).
• When the postal service between Ambala and Shimla came to a standstill in 1857, which king helped the British in maintaining the postal system? - Raja Shamsher Prakash of Sirmaur.
• On which date did the spark of rebellion flare up in Kasauli cantonment that shook the Shimla Hills? - On May 13, 1857.
• After the failure of the 1857 revolution, where did the British establish a new cantonment to increase the security of the hilly areas of Himachal? - Strengthened the military in Dagshai and Sabathu.

British Settlements and Architecture

• Which beautiful place in Himachal was developed by Governor General Lord Dalhousie as a health residence (Sanatorium)? - Dalhousie (1854 AD, taking land from Chamba princely state).
• In which year was 'Viceregal Lodge' (Rashtrapati Niwas), an excellent example of British architecture in Shimla, completed? - In 1888 AD.
• During the tenure of which Viceroy was the construction of Viceregal Lodge completed? - Lord Dufferin.
• In which year was the famous 'Gaiety Theatre' of Shimla opened to the general public? - On May 30, 1887.
• Which was the first play (drama) performed in Gaiety Theatre? - Time Will Tell.
• In which year was the toy train run for the first time on the historical 'Kalka-Shimla Railway Line'? - On November 9, 1903.
• By which British Viceroy was the Kalka-Shimla railway line inaugurated? - Lord Curzon.
• Which is the longest tunnel on the Kalka-Shimla railway route and what is its number? - Barog Tunnel (Tunnel No. 33).
• In which year did UNESCO declare the Kalka-Shimla Railway as a 'World Heritage Site'? - On July 7, 2008.
• Which was the first bank of Shimla established in 1884 during the British period? - Alliance Bank of Simla.

Social Evils and Historical Revolts

• What was the actual meaning of 'Begar System' (Begar Pratha) prevalent in the hill states? - Forced physical labor without paying remuneration (wages).
• Which British-Indian social reformer fought hard for the abolition (ending) of the begar system in Shimla Hills? - Samuel Evan Stokes (Satyanand Stokes).
• In 1906 AD, which famous non-cooperation movement did the people of Rampur Bushahr state carry out against the king? - Dujham Movement (Dodra Kwar / Dujham Rebellion).
• In which year did the famous mass rebellion take place against the corruption of King Bhawani Sen and Wazir Jiva Nand in Mandi state? - In 1909 AD (Leadership: Sobharam).
• In 1893 AD, which peaceful movement was launched by the people of Bilaspur against the oppressive policies of King Amar Chand? - Jhugga Movement.
• What step did the Brahmins take in protest against the king during the Jhugga movement? - Immolated themselves (Sati) while sitting in their huts (jhuggis).
• In Chamba state in 1895 AD, against which Wazir's taxes did the farmers revolt? - Against Wazir Govind Ram.
• Which movement of farmers against land settlement during the time of King Shamsher Prakash in Sirmaur state is famous? - Dundhi Movement (1878 AD).
• Under which evil practice related to women in hilly areas did they have to pay a special tax at the time of remarriage? - Reet Custom.
• In the 1920s, which organization launched a widespread campaign against 'Reet custom' and 'child marriage' in the princely states of Himachal? - Himalayan Vidya Pracharini Sabha.

Revolutionary Activities and Influence of Ghadar Party

• Which revolutionary of Mandi came under the influence of the Ghadar Party and prepared the layout of the 'Mandi Conspiracy' in 1914-15? - Mian Jawahar Singh and Rani Khairgarhi.
• Under the Mandi conspiracy, the revolutionaries planned to kill which British officer and loot the treasury? - British Superintendent of Mandi.
• To which district of Himachal did the famous Ghadar Party leader Bhai Hirda Ram belong, who was sentenced to death in the Lahore Conspiracy case (later changed to black water)? - From Mandi district.
• Where did Mandi's 'Rani Khairgarhi' give financial assistance and shelter to revolutionaries during the independence movement? - At her secret hideouts in Lucknow and Mandi.
• Which revolutionary from Sirmaur along with Rash Behari Bose played an active role in the Lahore and Delhi bomb cases? - Chaudhary Sher Jung.
• Which great freedom fighter from Chari village of Kangra served as the personal bodyguard of Subhash Chandra Bose in the Azad Hind Fauj (INA)? - Captain Ramchandra.
• Which composer from Himachal prepared the tune for the famous national anthem of Azad Hind Fauj "Kadam-Kadam Badhaye Ja"? - Captain Ram Singh Thakur (Dharamsala, Kangra).
• After the martyrdom of which revolutionary did 'Pahari Gandhi' Baba Kanshiram take a pledge to wear black clothes for life? - Martyr Bhagat Singh (1931 AD).
• Freedom fighter Yashpal, who was also a famous Hindi writer, belonged to which district of Himachal and was a member of the revolutionary group? - Hamirpur (Bhampal village).
• During World War II, soldiers of which hill state were dismissed for revolting against the British? - Some soldiers of Chamba and Suket.

Princely Prajamandal Movement (Detailed)

• In which year was the Sirmaur Prajamandal established that opposed the oppressive rule of the king? - In 1934 AD (Founder: Chaudhary Sher Jung).
• In which year was 'Mandi Prajamandal' established in Mandi city which demanded a responsible government? - In 1936 AD.
• Which prominent leader led the Prajamandal movement in Kunihar state, who was also called 'Gandhi of Kunihar'? - Babu Padam Dev.
• Who led the historical 'Suket Satyagraha' against the king of Suket in 1948? - Pandit Padam Dev.
• On which date did the Suket Satyagraha start, which paved the way for the merger of the hill states into the Union of India? - On February 18, 1948.
• At which place did the king of Dhami state order firing on Prajamandal workers, resulting in the Dhami firing tragedy? - Halog (capital of Dhami).
• Under the leadership of which famous lawyer and leader did Nehru Ji form a non-governmental inquiry committee to investigate the Dhami firing case? - Lala Duni Chand.
• In 1946 AD, which organization was formed by the hill kings to stop the growing influence of Prajamandal? - Himalayan Hill States Sub-Regional Council.
• Who presided over the 'Solan Conference' held in Shimla in 1948 in which the proposal to name the new province 'Himachal Pradesh' was passed? - Raja Durga Singh (Baghat state).
• In which movement was the slogan "Bhai Do, Na Pai" (Will not give brother for recruitment, nor pai/money for war) given during the Prajamandal movements? - In the Prajamandal movements of Bushahr and Sirmaur (during World War II).

Freedom Movement and Prajamandal

• In which year and on which date did the famous 'Dhami Firing Tragedy' take place in Himachal Pradesh? - On July 16, 1939.
• Who was the prominent leader of 'Dhami Prajamandal' at the time of the 1939 Dhami firing case who was arrested? - Bhagmal Sautha.
• Who were the main architects and farmer leaders of the famous 'Pajhota Movement' (Sirmaur) of 1942? - Vaidya Surat Singh and Mian Chuchu.
• In which year was 'Himachal Pradesh Praja Mandal' established? - In 1939 AD.
• Who was elected as the first president of the Himalayan Princely Prajamandal? - Pandit Padam Dev.
• Who presided over the historical Prajamandal conference held in Mandi in 1946 AD, in which the demand for the merger of princely states arose? - Colonel G.S. Dhillon (an officer of Azad Hind Fauj).
• Who gave the title of 'Pahari Gandhi' to Baba Kanshiram during the freedom movement? - Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (in 1937 at Gadariya public meeting).
• By whom was the title 'Bulbul-e-Pahar' (Nightingale of the Hills) given to Baba Kanshiram? - By Sarojini Naidu.
• Who was the president of the 'Himalayan Province Provisional Government' formed for the merger of the hill states before the formation of Himachal Pradesh in 1948? - Shivanand Ramaul.
• After India's independence on April 15, 1948, how many small and big princely states were combined to form Himachal Pradesh (Chief Commissioner's Province)? - 30 princely states (26 Shimla Hills and 4 Punjab Hills).

Administrative Formation of Himachal Pradesh (1948-1971)

• At the time of formation on April 15, 1948, what was the total area of Himachal Pradesh in square kilometers? - 27,018 square kilometers.
• Who was appointed as the first Chief Commissioner of Himachal Pradesh in 1948? - N. C. Mehta.
• Who was made the first Deputy Chief Commissioner of Himachal Pradesh in 1948? - E. Penderal Moon.
• In which year was Himachal Pradesh given the status of 'Part-C State' under the Indian Constitution? - On January 26, 1950 (implemented in 1951).
• Who became the first Lieutenant Governor of Himachal Pradesh in 1952? - Major General Himmat Singh.
• In which year were the first elections to the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly held in which there were a total of 36 seats? - In November 1951 (government formed in 1952).
• Who took oath as the first Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh? - Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar (March 24, 1952).
• In which year did the Bilaspur princely state merge into the Indian Union as a separate 'Part-C' state? - On July 1, 1954 (later it became the 5th district of Himachal).
• On May 1, 1960, which was made the sixth district of Himachal Pradesh by separating the Chini tehsil of Mahasu district? - Kinnaur.
• On January 25, 1971, Himachal Pradesh was made which full state of India and who inaugurated it? - 18th full state (Inauguration: by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi from the Ridge ground of Shimla).